Swiss Psychiatrist:

Carl Jung

Main Life Accomplishments:

Carl Gustav Jung is the Swiss psychiatrist whose importance in the history of psychoanalysis rivals that of Sigmund Freud. Early in his career Jung worked at the Burghözli mental clinic in Zurich (1900-09), and he later he held professorships in Zurich (1933-41) and Basel (1944-61). His early working relationship with the elder Freud, begun around 1906, deteriorated as Jung became increasingly critical of Freud's insistence on the psychosexual origins of neuroses. After Jung published The Psychology of the Unconscious in 1912, their theories diverged and Jung developed his own school of "analytical psychology." His world travels led to an interest in ideas from Eastern philosophies and religions, which he integrated into his theories of the "collective unconscious." His most famous books include Psychology and Religion (1937), The Undiscovered Self (1957) and his autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (1962).

 

Basics:

Born:  July 26, 1875(1875-07-26) Kesswil, Thurgau, Switzerland

Died:  June 6, 1961 (aged 85) Zürich, Switzerland

Nationality:  Swiss

Fields:  Science

Main Accomplishments:  Inventor of the collective unconscious.
 

Chronology of Life Events:

1875
Jung is born in in Kesswill, Switzerland, son of a Reformed Protestant pastor, Johann Paul Jung, and Emilie Preiswerk.

1895
Jung enters Basel University to study science and medicine.

1896
Jung's father dies.

1900
Jung graduates with a M.D. from the University of Basel and is appointed assistant at the Burgholzli Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, under Professor Eugen Bleuler.

1900-1909
Jung works at the Burgholzli Mental Hospital in Zurich.

1902
Jung gets his Ph.D. at the University of Zurich with a doctoral dissertation On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena.

1903
Jung marries Emma Rauschenberg. The get five children in the course of time.

1905 - 1913
Jung lectures in psychiatry at the University of Zurich.

1906
Jung initiates letter correspondance with Sigmund Freud and visits him next year in Vienna.

1907
Jung's first meeting with Freud. He writes the work The Psychology of Dementia Praecox .

1909
Jung resigns from Burgholzli. He visits USA with Freud.

1909
Jung also opens his private practice of psychoanalysis in Kuessnacht - he runs it enthusiastically till he dies.

1910
Jung is elected President of International Psychoanalytic Association. He writes Symbols of Transformation. Lectures at Fordham University.

1912
Jung declares he is scientifically independent of Freud and publishes Neue Bahnen der Psychologie.

1913
Jung resigns as President. His final break with Freud.

1941
Jung publishes Essays on a Science of Mythology with Karl Kerényi.

1944 - 1945
Jung becomes professor of medical psychology at the University of Basel, and his Psychology and Alchemy is published.

1961
Jung dies at his home in Kusnacht, near Zurich, at the age of 85, after a short illness.

 

Early Life:

Carl Jung was born Karle Gustav II Jung[1] in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton (state) of Thurgau, as the fourth but only surviving child of Paul Achilles Jung and Emilie Preiswerk. His father, Paul Jung, was a poor rural pastor in the Swiss Reformed Church while his mother, Emilie, came from a wealthy, established Swiss family.
 

When Carl was six months old, Paul Jung acquired a position at a better parish in Laufen and the family moved there. Meanwhile, the tension between Paul and Emilie was growing. An eccentric and depressed woman, Emilie spent much of the time in her own separate bedroom, enthralled by the spirits that she said visited her at night. Emilie left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel for an unknown physical ailment. Young Carl was taken by his father to live with Emilie's unmarried sister in Basel, but was later brought back to the pastor's residence. Emilie's continuing bouts of absence and often depressed mood influenced his attitude towards women — one of "innate unreliability", a view that he later called the "handicap I started off with".[2] After three years of living in Laufen, Paul Jung requested a transfer and was called to Kleinhüningen in 1879. The relocation brought Emilie in closer contact to her family and lifted her melancholy and despondent mood.

A very solitary and introverted child, Jung was convinced from childhood that he had two personalities — a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more at home in the eighteenth century.[3] "Personality No. 1", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time, while No. 2 was a dignified, authoritative and influential man from the past. Although Jung was close to both parents, he was rather disappointed in his father's academic approach to faith.

A number of childhood memories had made a life-long impression on him. As a boy he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pupil's pencil case and placed it inside the case. He then added a stone which he had painted into upper and lower halves and hid the case in the attic. Periodically he would come back to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. This ceremonial act, he later reflected, brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. In later years he discovered that similarities existed in this memory and the totems of native peoples like the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim, or the tjurungas of Australia. This, he concluded, was an unconscious ritual that he did not question or understand at the time, but which was practiced in a strikingly similar way in faraway locations that he as a young boy had no way of consciously knowing about.[4] His findings on psychological archetypes and the collective unconscious were inspired in part by this experience.

Shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, at age 12, he was pushed unexpectedly by another boy. He was knocked to the ground so hard that he was for a moment unconscious. The thought then came to him that "now you won't have to go to school any more."[5] From then on, whenever he started off to school or began homework, he fainted. He remained at home for the next six months until he overheard his father speaking worriedly to a visitor of his future ability to support himself, as they suspected he had epilepsy. With little money in the family, this brought the boy to reality and he realized the need for academic excellence. He immediately went into his father's study and began poring over Latin grammar. He fainted three times, but eventually he overcame the urge and did not faint again. This event, Jung later recalled, "was when I learned what a neurosis is."[6]

1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, from one of the richest families in Switzerland.

Towards the end of studies, his reading of Krafft-Ebing persuaded him to specialize in psychiatric medicine. He later worked in the Burghölzli, a psychiatric hospital in Zürich.

 

Wife Background:

Emma Jung (née Emma Rauschenbach, 1882-1955) was wife to the famous psychologist Carl Jung for fifty two years. She came from an old Swiss-German family of wealthy industrialists; later, that wealth gave Carl financial freedom to pursue his own work and interests. They met when she was sixteen years old (some sources say fifteen) and he was twenty one. Carl and Emma were married on February 14, 1903 (Valentine's Day) seven years after they first met. Together they had five children.

In 1906, various of Carl's strange dreams of the period were interpreted by Freud as portending the "failure of a marriage for money" (das Scheitern einer Geldheirat).

Emma took a strong interest in her husband's work, and became a noted psychologist in her own right. She developed a particular interest in the Grail legend. She was a psychoanalyst before they married, although her "independence" of him in this field is strongly contested. She too was in regular correspondence of her own with Sigmund Freud.

Sometime around the birth of her fifth and last child, in 1914, Carl began a relationship with a young patient, Toni Wolff, that lasted for decades. Deirdre Bair (Carl Jung's biographer) describes Emma bearing up nobly as Jung insisted that Toni become part of their household, saying Toni was "his other wife." Wolff tried to persuade Carl to divorce Emma, but this did not come to pass. He also had an affair with Sabina Spielrein.

When she died Carl carved a stone in her name, "She was the foundation of my house." He is also said to have cried "She was a Queen! She was a Queen!" (Sie war eine Königin! Sie war eine Königin!) while mourning for her.

 

Father Background:

His father, Johannes Paul Achilles Jung (1842-1896), was a pastor - a profession that had traditions in the family.

 

Mother Background:

Emilie Preiswerk, was twenty-one on her wedding day, April 8, 1869, and by the standards of the time, a spinster on the verge of old-maid-hood. The ceremony took place in the hallowed Basel Cathedral, the Münster, because the bride's father, Samuel Preiswerk, was the Antistes of Basel, the president of the company of pastors in the local Swiss Reformed Church. Emilie's groom, Johann Paul Achilles Jung, was twenty-seven, a good age for a man to embark upon marriage in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

 
 
SuperAttainer

ANALYSIS SECTION:

 
 
1. Early Success
 

When did the SuperAttainer first display ability that was greatly above average and what were his accomplishments? 
 

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2. Contrarian

 
What actions did the SuperAttainer take that demonstrated a mindset that was very different from those around him?
 

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3. Conceited
 
What are the actions and documented statements that exhibit an elevated sense of self importance of the SuperAttainer? 
 
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4. Hard-Knocked 
 
During what events did the SuperAttainer experience personal misery and severe anxiety?
  

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5. Loner
 
Is there evidence of the SuperAttainer being comfortable spending time apart from others? 
 

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6. Mentored & Motivated
 
Who was vital to developing the SuperAttainer and guiding his career and what significant actions were taken?
 

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7. Discontent
 
What evidence is there that the SuperAttainer was unsatisfied with even great personal accomplishment?
 

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8. Promoted
 
What actions or events were responsible for publicizing the tremendous achievements and abilities of the SuperAttainer?
 

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Overall Score:

x out of 8 = xx% 

PASS

SuperAttainer Type:

Describe the factors in the SuperAttainer’s background to indicate whether he is a Come-From-Nothing or Aristocratic type..

Conclusion:

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