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SuperAttainer:
Max Planck
Founder
of Quantum Physics:
Max
Planck
Main
Life Accomplishments:
He
was a German physicist. He is considered to be the founder of quantum
theory, and therefore one of the most important physicists of the
twentieth century.
Basics:
Born:
Born April 23, 1858 in Kiel, Germany
Died: Died October 4, 1947 (aged 89) in Göttingen, Germany
Nationality: German
Religion: Christian
Fields: Science
Main Accomplishments: Introduced the Planck's radiation
formula in October 1900. Shortly after, he made a complete theoretical
deduction of this formula while renouncing classical physics and
introducing the revolutionary idea of quanta of energy.
Chronology
of Life Events:
Apr
23, 1858
Birth
of Max Planck
1867
Planck enrolled in the Maximilians gymnasium
1874
He
graduated in the Maximilians gymnasium. He began his studies at the
University of Munich
1877
he
went to Berlin for a year of study with the famous physicists Hermann von
Helmholtz and Gustav Kirchhoff and the mathematician Karl Weierstrass
1878
Planck
passed his qualifying exams
1879
He
defended his dissertation
1880
he
presented his habilitation thesis
1885
the
University of Kiel appointed Planck an associate professor of theoretical
physics.
1887
Planck
married Marie Merck
1892
He
became a full professor at the University of Berlin
1894
Planck
turned his attention to the problem of black-body radiation
Dec
4, 1900
he
was already able to present a theoretical derivation of the law
1907
Planck was offered Boltzmann's position
1909
he
was the Ernest Kempton Adams Lecturer in Theoretical Physics at Columbia
University . Death of Marie Merck
1911
Planck
married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin
1918
Planck
was awarded the Nobel prize for physics
1938
Planck
celebrated his 80th birthday
1945
His
second son, Erwin was executed by the Nazis
Oct
4, 1947
Max
Planck died
Early
Life:
Max
Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, the
son of Julius Wilhelm and Emma (née Patzig) Planck. His father was
Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel, and later in
Göttingen.
Planck studied at the Universities of Munich and Berlin, where his
teachers included Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and received his doctorate of
philosophy at Munich in 1879. He was Privatdozent in Munich from 1880 to
1885, then Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at Kiel until 1889,
in which year he succeeded Kirchhoff as Professor at Berlin University,
where he remained until his retirement in 1926. Afterwards he became
President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science, a
post he held until 1937. The Prussian Academy of Sciences appointed him a
member in 1894 and Permanent Secretary in 1912.
Planck's earliest work was on the subject of thermodynamics, an interest
he acquired from his studies under Kirchhoff, whom he greatly admired, and
very considerably from reading R. Clausius' publications. He published
papers on entropy, on thermoelectric ity and on the theory of dilute
solutions.
At the same time also the problems of radiation processes engaged his
attention and he showed that these were to be considered as
electromagnetic in nature. From these studies he was led to the problem of
the distribution of energy in the spectrum of full radiation. Experimental
observations on the wavelength distribution of the energy emitted by a
black body as a function of temperature were at variance with the
predictions of classical physics. Planck was able to deduce the
relationship between the ener gy and the frequency of radiation. In a
paper published in 1900, he announced his derivation of the relationship:
this was based on the revolutionary idea that the energy emitted by a
resonator could only take on discrete values or quanta. The energy for a
resonator of frequency v is hv where h is a universal constant, now called
Planck's constant.
This was not only Planck's most important work but also marked a turning
point in the history of physics. The importance of the discovery, with its
far-reaching effect on classical physics, was not appreciated at first.
However the evidence for its validi ty gradually became overwhelming as
its application accounted for many discrepancies between observed
phenomena and classical theory. Among these applications and developments
may be mentioned Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Planck's work on the quantum theory, as it came to be known, was published
in the Annalen der Physik. His work is summarized in two books
Thermodynamik (Thermodynamics) (1897) and Theorie der Wärmestrahlung
(Theory of heat radiat ion) (1906).
He was elected to Foreign Membership of the Royal Society in 1926, being
awarded the Society's Copley Medal in 1928.
Planck faced a troubled and tragic period in his life during the period of
the Nazi government in Germany, when he felt it his duty to remain in his
country but was openly opposed to some of the Government's policies,
particularly as regards the persecuti on of the Jews. In the last weeks of
the war he suffered great hardship after his home was destroyed by
bombing.
He was revered by his colleagues not only for the importance of his
discoveries but for his great personal qualities. He was also a gifted
pianist and is said to have at one time considered music as a career.
Planck was twice married. Upon his appointment, in 1885, to Associate
Professor in his native town Kiel he married a friend of his childhood,
Marie Merck, who died in 1909. He remarried her cousin Marga von Hösslin.
Three of his children died young, leaving him with two sons.
He suffered a personal tragedy when one of them was executed for his part
in an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hitler in 1944.
He died at Göttingen on October 4, 1947.
Wife
Background:
Marie
Merckis (b;1861;
d: 1909) a sister of a school
fellow, and moved with her into a sublet apartment in Kiel. They had four
children: Karl (1888-1916), the twins Emma (1889-1919) and Grete
(1889-1917), and Erwin (1893-1945).
Father
Background:
Max's
father Johann Julius Wilhelm von Planck was professor of law in Kiel, his
grandfather Heinrich Ludwig had been a theology professor in Göttingen
and his great-grandfather Gottlieb Jacob had been a professor in church
history, also in Göttingen. The list of famous Plancks could go on, but
to be brief, it is simply worth noting the environment in which Planck's
childhood and early development took place.
Mother
Background:
Emma
Patzig, she was the second wife
of Max’s father.
Both
Max's parents were relatively old when he was born, his father being 41
and his mother being 37. He was born into a large family, being his
father's sixth child (two of the children were from his first marriage to
Mathilde Voigt), and he was brought up in a tradition which greatly
respected scholarship, honesty, fairness, and generosity. The values he
was given as a young child quickly became the values that he would cherish
throughout his life, showing the utmost respect for the institutions of
state and church.
SuperAttainer
ANALYSIS
SECTION:
1. Early Success
When
did the SuperAttainer first display ability that was greatly above average
and what were his accomplishments?
REFERENCES:
1.
2. Contrarian
What actions did the SuperAttainer take that demonstrated a mindset that was
very different from those around him?
REFERENCES:
1.
3. Conceited
What are the actions and documented statements that exhibit an elevated
sense of self importance of the SuperAttainer?
REFERENCES:
1.
4. Hard-Knocked
During what events did the SuperAttainer experience personal misery and
severe anxiety?
REFERENCES:
1.
5. Loner
Is there evidence of the SuperAttainer being comfortable spending time apart
from others?
REFERENCES:
1.
6. Mentored &
Motivated
Who was vital to developing the SuperAttainer and guiding his career and
what significant actions were taken?
REFERENCES:
1.
7. Discontent
What evidence is there that the SuperAttainer was unsatisfied with even
great personal accomplishment?
REFERENCES:
1.
8. Promoted
What actions or events were responsible for publicizing the tremendous
achievements and abilities of the SuperAttainer?
REFERENCES:
1.
Overall
Score:
x
out of 8 = xx%
PASS
SuperAttainer
Type:
Describe
the factors in the SuperAttainer’s background to indicate whether he is a
Come-From-Nothing or Aristocratic type..
Conclusion:
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